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2025, No. 7 Published: 2025-07-05   1 Advantages and Challenges of Building China a Strong Scientific and Technological Country During the 15th Five-Year Plan Period Liu Dongmei, Huang Ning, Han Jiawei, Han Junhui The 15th Five-Year Plan period is a critical foundation-laying stage for building China a strong scientific and technological country.At present,China's position in the global scientific and technological innovation landscape continues to rise,but compared with the goal of building a strong scientific and technological country,there are still some shortcomings that need to be urgently made up.China has certain advantages in social consensus,factor input,market scale,innovation model,technological research and development system,etc.,but it also faces many challenges:the slowdown of economic growth will restrict the potential of R&D investment; the“leading”main position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation has not yet been established; the construction of a unified domestic market is imperfect; the utilitarian tendency in the evaluation system has not been completely eliminated; the science and technology financial system does not meet the development needs of scientific and technological innovation.This paper also puts forward specific suggestions for accelerating the construction of a strong scientific and technological country during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. 2025 (7): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5435 KB)  ( 12 ) 8 Exploration of a New Approach for Local Financial Expenditure Investing in Regional Innovation-Driven Development: Lessons from Guangdong Songshan-Lake Materials Laboratory Lyu Jialing, Xuan Zhaohui, Hu Beibei China's local government's expenditure for Science and Technology(S&T), while not yet fully play its role in supporting local innovation-driven development.The priority responsibility of provincial-level governments in our country to support innovation is to finance the key technologies of leading industries upgrading and the key technologies for strategic emerging industries.For these reasons, some provinces in China recently have actively set up provincial laboratories which in core are industrial technology innovation institutions.Songshan-Lake Materials Laboratory in Guangdong Province is one outstanding example of such laboratories.Directed by national and local S&T and innovation strategy, the laboratory designs innovative activities in the whole innovation chain and accelerates technology transfer, which has become an important engine for local innovation-driven development.During the build-up phase of the mentioned lab, the local government has explored a new approach of supporting regional STI activities based on governmental responsibility transformation. 2025 (7): 8-16 [Abstract] ( 1 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6911 KB)  ( 17 ) 17 Research on the Impact of Industrial Intelligence Transformation on the Construction of Innovation Highland: Consideration of the Mediating Effect Based on the Structure of Labor Skills and the Diffusion of Digital Technology Pang Juan Taking the period from 2011 to 2023 as the research period,based on panel data of 30 administrative units at the province(municipality or autonomous region)level in China,it empirically tests the impact of industrial intelligence transformation on the construction of innovation highland.The conclusion shows that the transformation of industrial intelligence is an important promoting factor for the construction of innovation highland,and after endogeneity and a series of robustness tests,this core conclusion still holds true.The optimization of labor skill structure and the diffusion of digital technology are important transmission mechanisms for the construction of an innovation highland empowered by industrial intelligence transformation.In the areas east of the Hu Huanyong Line and with higher levels of industrial development,the empowerment effect of industrial intelligence transformation on the construction of innovation highland is stronger.The threshold test found that the impact of industrial intelligence transformation on the construction of innovation highland exhibits non-linear characteristics,specifically manifested as a marginal decreasing trend in its empowering effect on innovation highland construction when the industrial intelligence transformation exceeds a certain threshold value. 2025 (7): 17-26 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6888 KB)  ( 1 ) 27 Research on the Effect of Policy on the Empowerment Reform of Job-Related Scientific and Technological Achievements: Causal Inference Based on Double Machine Learning Tang Yichao, Pan Chengli, Li Jing, Xiao Guohua, Ma Shiying, Ma Yucong The empowerment reform of job-related scientific and technological achievements is an important measure to promote the deep integration of science and technology with the economy and cultivate new quality productive forces.This paper constructs a dataset based on the patent data of 76 universities and research institutions from 2014 to 2023,and designs a quasi-natural experiment based on the“the Pilot Implementation Plan for Empowering Scientific and Technological Achievements Ownership or Long-term Use Right to Scientific Researchers”jointly issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology and another nine ministries in 2020.A double machine learning model is built to verify the promoting effect of the empowerment reform policy on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,its promoting mechanism,and the heterogeneity of the promoting effect.The research finds that the empowerment reform can promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,mainly through promoting the collaboration of multiple innovation subjects.However,the three mechanisms of property rights structure change,increase in the quantity and quality of scientific and technological achievements have not shown significant effects yet.In addition,the promoting effect on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements varies due to the differences in the affiliation level and the nature of the units,with more obvious effects in central units and universities.Based on these findings,policy suggestions are proposed to improve the management mechanism of achievements,optimize the implementation mechanism of transformation,and build a complete transformation service system. 2025 (7): 27-35 [Abstract] ( 1 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6936 KB)  ( 12 ) 36 Optimization of Coordinated Management of the Joint Funds in the New Era: From the Perspective of the Network Analysis of Multiple Actors' Interactions Wang Chen, Wu Chenxiao, Li Zhengfeng The Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation in the New Era represent a type of basic research funding project with Chinese characteristics,and their essence lies in a highly efficient cooperative investment model featuring multi-agent collaboration.Nevertheless,the Coordinated Management of the Joint Funds in the New Era faces a series of new challenges.This paper develops a multi-agent interaction network model for managing the Joint Funds and identifies that the challenges associated with their coordinated management primarily fall into three levels.Firstly,in the interaction among the National Natural Science Foundation Committee(NSFC),joint funders and scientific research teams,challenges include a lack of overall coordination in the formulation of project guidelines,insufficient alignment in addressing common issues,and inadequate collaboration among diverse research forces.Secondly,between the NSFC and joint funders,issues arise such as the limited influence of joint funders,low efficiency in translating research achievements,and unclear allocation of rights and responsibilities.Thirdly,within the NSFC itself,problems include overlapping functional roles among different types of funding projects,inefficiencies in the review process for joint funds,and poor coordination between the Joint Funds Management Office and scientific departments.To address these challenges and ultimately advance the level of coordinated management for joint fund projects,efforts should focus on strengthening the top-level design and planning of the Joint Funds while aligning the value objectives of multiple stakeholders.It is also essential to enhance the influence of joint funders to safeguard the legitimate interests of all parties.Furthermore,deepening the reform of the joint fund management mechanism is crucial to improving the NSFC's organizational and service capabilities. 2025 (7): 36-44 [Abstract] ( 2 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7219 KB)  ( 1 ) 45 How to Maximize the Factor Potential Contribution Rates in New R&D Institutions:    From an Optimal Equity-Control Rights Allocation Perspective Zhao Yingmei, Wang Wenping The dynamic and optimal allocation of equity-control rights in new R&D institutions is the key to stimulate the synergistic interaction among the government,research teams and commercialization entities and release the deep innovation potential(as factor potential contribution rates)of financial funds,talented personnel and technology and social capital,so as to crack the dilemma of R&D achievements transformation.To enhance factor potential contribution rates of all subjects,we utilize the cooperative game modelling and numerical simulation,and select equity-control rights as the incentive tool to analyze its effect on factor potential contribution rates,as well as characteristics of dynamic allocation structure of equity-control rights.It can be found that the optimal equity-control rights allocation structure in new R&D institutions is in which the research teams hold large equity rights and commercialization entities hold multiple control rights.The reverse adjustment of equity and control rights between research teams and commercialization entities can promote a positive coupling effect;a single adjustment of control rights is likely to produce a crowding-out effect of resources and value,while the disparate equity rights structure can amplify the positive effect of control rights adjustment on factor potential contribution rates.Furthermore,the equity rights transfer and orderly exit of the government can increase incentive ranges for research teams and commercialization entities. 2025 (7): 45-56 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (17962 KB)  ( 8 ) 57 Establishment of a Joint R&D Mechanism for Climate Technology IP Sharing Ma Zhongfa, Li Mingwei The progress of international climate technology transfer(CTT),an essential response to climate change,has been inadequate.CTT is facing a dilemma in intellectual property rights(IPRs).The impact of IPRs on CTT remains unclear,and negotiations on IPRs have reached an impasse among different national camps.The dilemma can be attributed to the following four factors:the complexities arising from the inherent characteristics of IPRs and climate technologies;the conflicts between developed and developing countries due to their differing stages of technological development;the competition and game-playing of national camps;and the externalization of the interests of internal private groups,which manifests as developed countries' upholding of the existing international IPRs system which prioritizes the protection of IPRs over technology transfer.To resolve this dilemma,any response plan entails at least three key elements,namely,information on the supply and demand of climate technologies,incentives for developers to facilitate technology transfer,and capacity-building for technology recipients.Therefore,it is essential to re-conceptualize the process of CTT from the perspective of collaboration and innovation,shifting from confrontation to cooperation,and establishing a joint R&D mechanism that promotes the sharing of IPRs.In the joint research and development of clean energy between China and the US,the IPRs sharing system centered around the Technology Management Plan is conducive to CTT.Moreover,broader multilateral technology-sharing programs will enhance humanity's capacity to cope with climate change. 2025 (7): 57-66 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7766 KB)  ( 2 ) 67 How does Digital Technology Innovation Promote the Development of Urban Service Industries Wang Zhiyu, Lyu Huaqiao, Xi Guiquan, Yang Mengmeng The digital transformation of service industries constitutes a critical driver of high-quality economic development in urban,serving as a key factor in enhancing innovation capacity and fostering new quality productive forces.Based on three sets of micro big data,this article constructs an evaluation index of digital technology innovation from the perspective of innovation chain.Using panel data of 283 cities from 2003 to 2022 in China,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of digital technology innovation on urban services.Results show that digital technology innovation significantly improve services through three mechanisms including innovation-driven,consumption upgrading and productivity enhancement.Heterogeneity reveals that digital technology innovation has stronger effects in the eastern region,central urban and innovation-pioneer cities.Furthermore,the impact of digital technology on producer services is more significant,and specifically the breadth of its adoption enhances low-producer services,while high-producer services derive greater value from the depth of its application. 2025 (7): 67-76 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6564 KB)  ( 3 ) 77 The Rules of Industrial Data Allocation and Circulation from the Perspective of Digital Twins He Huaiwen, Ye Xuanhan In the Fourth Industrial Revolution,the change of production mode and the development of digital twins are jointly defining the normative direction for establishing rules of industrial data allocation and circulation:to promote the sharing,integration,and collaborative use of full life cycle industrial data.The sharing,integration and collaborative use of full life cycle industrial data based on digital twins is a highly productive way of using data,which can fully release the potential value of industrial data and fully empower industrial transformation and upgrading.However,the current scattered distribution and stagnant flow of industrial data,as well as the fact that producers and operators have too much dispersed de facto control over industrial data,have made it difficult to share,integrate and collaboratively use industrial data.This situation has thereby triggered the“tragedy of the anticommons”in the use of industrial data.In this regard,China should build a set of rules of industrial data allocation and circulation that are compatible with the sharing,integration and collaborative use of full life cycle industrial data.In terms of data allocation rules,the prior data collectors will enjoy the limited property interest of controlling industrial data,while the state will have the power to integrate data granted by the people.In terms of data circulation rules,the“new pathways”for the industrial data flow will be established based on allocation rules,in addition to free market transactions.The combination of allocation and circulation rules will reduce transaction costs,balance the interests of all parties involved,and ultimately promote the sharing,integration and collaborative use of industrial data. 2025 (7): 77-85 [Abstract] ( 1 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7493 KB)  ( 1 ) 86 Research on the Influence of Key Core Technology Innovation on New Quality Productive Forces of Enterprises An Qi, Fang Wei, Feng Qiliang Technology innovation is the core driver for enterprises to enhance new quality productive forces,especially revolutionary breakthroughs in technology,which are the key to stimulate new quality productive forces of enterprises.Based on the neo-Schumpeterian growth theory,this study examines the impact of key core technology innovation on new quality productive forces using data from China's high-tech manufacturing sector(2011—2022).The results show as follows.Key core technology innovation significantly enhances new quality productive forces,with frontier technologies having stronger effects.Digital technology,absorptive capacity and market competition positively moderate the impact.Effects are more pronounced in non-SOEs,SMEs,technologically dynamic industries,and innovation-rich regions.This study empirically reveals the impact of key core technology innovation on new quality productive forces,providing theoretical basis and management enlightenment for enterprises to form new quality productive forces and promote high-quality economic development. 2025 (7): 86-94 [Abstract] ( 1 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6530 KB)  ( 6 ) 95 How to Realise Domestic Substitution of Key Core Technologies for SRDI “Little Giant”Enterprises: A Longitudinal Case Study Based on KATOP Fan Xu, Wang Benye The window of opportunity opened by the emergence of new energy industry provides an important opportunity for enterprise development,but the evolution path of domestic substitution practice for enterprises to achieve technological catch-up under the window of opportunity is still unclear.Based on this issue,the study takes KATOP as the object and carries out a longitudinal case study in order to reveal the evolution path of the key core technology of SRDI‘little giant’enterprises enterprises.The study finds the followings.①KATOP's key core technology domestic substitution practice has experienced a three-stage leaping technology evolution path of“technology start-up stage-innovation catch-up stage-technology leaping stage”;②KATOP's window of opportunity for domestic substitution opens in the order of“technology window-system window-demand window”,and through the logical response of“perceiving-capturing-reconstructing”,the integration of internal and external resources is realised to promote the practice of domestic substitution of key core technologies under different windows of opportunity.This paper is based on the correlation perspective of“window of opportunity-dynamic capability”,which is a useful expansion of the theory of domestic substitution,and can provide experience support for SRDI enterprises in the practice of domestic substitution of key core technologies in the context of scientific and technological blockade. 2025 (7): 95-104 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7098 KB)  ( 25 ) 105 National Security Risks of Deepfake and Approaches to Coherent Governance Wang Qi Deepfake presents multifaceted threats to national security.As a novel means of generating disinformation,deepfake poses risks of misuse at the stages of technology application,creation and dissemination.In terms of the subjective,objective,and relational aspects of national security,deepfake can manipulate citizens' perceptions from the bottom up,shape ideologies,and affect the nation's subjective sense of security.Additionally,it has the potential to“weaponize”information,impacting both traditional and non-traditional security.Deepfake can also serve as effective tools for“interference”,exacerbating the“security dilemma”.The technological governance approaches currently lacks dominance,and the legal governance approaches are not sufficiently practicable.Therefore,it is necessary to integrate technological governance with legal governance from a new coherentism perspective.Based on this,China can,from the perspective of Holistic Approach to National Security,coordinate foreign-related rule of law with domestic rule of law.On one hand,this involves promoting the establishment of international governance norms.On the other hand,imposing anticipatory and adaptive legal regulation o deepfake.Additionally,accelerating the construction of a technical support system is essential,aiming to achieve the strategic goal of balanced development and security. 2025 (7): 105-115 [Abstract] ( 1 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (9221 KB)  ( 5 ) 116 Study on the Time-Space Effect of Multi-factor Coupling of Regional Governance on the Clustering of Scientific and Technological Talents Zhang Yanju, Fu Huanli, Wang Shiquan, Zhang Fei Examining the time-space effect of scientific and technological talent clustering across Chinese provinces,and identifying which regional governance factors require optimization to effectively attract scientific and technological talent,constitutes a critical research priority.Based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021,this study views regional governance as an ecosystem composed of government governance,market governance,and social governance,and examines the time-space evolution and configurational mechanisms of science and technology talent clustering patterns across Chinese provinces by using gravity models,complex network analysis,geographic detectors and fsQCA.The results show as follows.①The clustering scale of science and technology talent across Chinese provinces has experienced rapid expansion,demonstrating pronounced small-world characteristics and significant polarization,though disparities are narrowing.②There is a positive correlation between the concentration of scientific and technological talent in China's provinces,meaning that fast-growing areas are adjacent,slow-growing areas are also adjacent to each other.③The spatial differentiation characteristics of science and technology talent aggregation are jointly influenced by government governance,market governance,and social governance factors.Innovation performance,enterprise R&D,knowledge output,and science and education investment are the main factors influencing the pattern of science and technology talent aggregation.The interaction between these factors can enhance the explanatory power of the pattern of science and technology talent aggregation.④No single governance element is necessary for high talent agglomeration,but the comprehensive interaction between government governance,market governance,and social governance conditions in each year can form diverse configurations that drive the concentration of scientific and technological talent.These findings provide essential references for future talent policy formulation. 2025 (7): 116-129 [Abstract] ( 1 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (11476 KB)  ( 1 ) 130 How Government Digital Platforms Enhance the Effectiveness of Intellectual Property Governance: A Case Study Based on Zhejiang Intellectual Property Online Duan Yongbiao, Dong Xinyu The construction of intellectual property(IP)digital platforms provides a powerful support to promote the modernization of intellectual property governance(IPG).However,existing studies have paid insufficient attention to the effectiveness of IPG and the role played by government digital platforms in IPG.Based on the“technology-organization-scene”(TOS)model,this study takes“Zhejiang Intellectual Property Online”as a case study to explore the internal mechanism and key path of the government digital platform to enhance the effectiveness of IPG.The study finds that the government digital platform builds a dynamic closed-loop model of IPG with the linkage matching and dynamic evolution among technology,organization and scenario,accelerates the IP digital platform services towards agile,holistic and responsive governance,promotes the speedy review of IP,the efficient application,the facilitation of IP protection,the scientific management and the personalization of IP services,and promotes effectiveness of IPG in cooperation.In terms of realization path,platform construction based on digital technology and data sharing,collaborative governance based on technology embedding and relationship reconfiguration,and scenario innovation based on user demand and dynamic evolution jointly support the digital transformation of IP,and accelerate the promotion of IP in terms of digital creation paradigm,digital service supply,digital application capacity,digital protection mechanism and digital governance system. 2025 (7): 130-139 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7805 KB)  ( 5 ) 140 Artificial Intelligence Legislation from the Perspective of Globalization:Dynamics,Dilemmas and Directions Wang Xigen, Cheng Rui Artificial intelligence is an important driving force for the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation.While it promotes economic and social development,it also brings certain risks,causing new ethical dilemmas and legal issues,and giving rise to legislative needs.Due to the ambiguity of legislative concepts,the specificity of adjustment objects,the breadth of adjustment scope,and the shortage of legislative technology,artificial intelligence legislation faces challenges and needs to be based on a global perspective,construct a basic framework,and ensure the achievement of legislative goals that balance safety and development.Summarizing the experience of artificial intelligence legislation at home and abroad,it is found that China's artificial intelligence legislation should follow this approach.Firstly,in terms of value positioning,it should transform from control oriented legislation to promotion oriented legislation,aiming to promote artificial intelligence innovation through legal innovation;Secondly,in terms of legislative content,we need to shift from an obligation based approach to a rights based approach,in order to better promote the development of new quality productivity driven by artificial intelligence;Thirdly,in terms of legislative mode,we aim to shift from decentralized legislation to unified legislation,with the goal of creating a favorable environment for the development of artificial intelligence with good laws and governance;Fourthly,in terms of protection mode,we aim to shift from separate protection of public and private law to integrated protection of public and private law,in order to provide comprehensive protection for the development of artificial intelligence.Fifthly,in terms of legal responsibility,the transformation from traditional responsibility to new responsibility aims to provide legal guarantees for the realization of rights and the fulfillment of obligations.The Artificial Intelligence Law is both an industry promotion law and a human rights protection law,aiming to provide a new paradigm for economic development and human rights protection in the digital age. 2025 (7): 140-150 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (8943 KB)  ( 7 ) 151 “Externalism”or“Internalism”:Two Paths of Research on Ethical Governance of Science and Technology in Foreign Countries Yang Jianguo, Hu Ying In the academic shift from“moral self-regulation”to“ethical regulation”,the ethical governance of science and technology has been paid close attention by academics,and the two parallel research paths of“externalism”and“internalism”have gradually been formed.The“externalism”approach denies that technological artifacts are moral subjects,advocates the adoption of high-level legislation led by public institutions,takes expert trust as the value premise,and takes risk prevention as the key issue to guide the ethical practice of science and technology development.The“internalism”approach believes that technological artifacts can play a value-led role as moral agents in specific contexts,and advocates the integration of ethical principles into the design and application of technological artifacts,relying on industry associations to set dynamic standards and engage the public to promote ethical practices.Although the two approaches are controversial in terms of philosophical foundations,subjects of governance,modes of governance,and means of governance,the inter-constitutive nature of their research objects and the complementary nature of their practical functions provide the possibility of coupling between them.Domestic academics should go beyond the research divisions of“externalism”and“internalism”,synthesize the views of the two research paths,and promote the development of research and practice of ethical governance of science and technology in China through the construction of a synergistic and co-governance main framework,the formation of a dynamically adapted governance mode,and the adoption of parallel-driven governance means. 2025 (7): 151-158 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6665 KB)  ( 4 ) 159 The Origins,Content and Methods of Canada's Promotion of Responsible Conduct of Research: Implications for the Regulation of Responsible Research Conduct in China Zhang Ling, Jiang Jiaqiong In recent years,the international community has significantly increased its awareness of responsibility in scientific research.Canada has set a global example in promoting responsible research conduct through innovative policy design and a systematic governance framework.Tri-Agency Framework:Responsible Conduct of Research centers on a“wide-system”governance approach that promotes a culture of integrity,prevents potential risks,and sanctions misconduct.This framework clearly delineates the responsibilities of researchers,research institutions,and federal funding agencies,establishing a closed-loop governance system that spans from cultural development to risk prevention and misconduct handling.By strengthening accountability,fostering an“institution-wide”culture of integrity,and enhancing transparent accountability mechanisms,Canada has created a responsible research environment with integrity at its core.These practices offer important insights for promoting responsible research conduct in China,including clarifying responsibility allocation,emphasizing preventive education,and improving accountability mechanisms,thereby fostering sustainable development in scientific research. 2025 (7): 159-168 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7947 KB)  ( 1 ) 169 How French Engineering Universities Affect the Innovation and Development of Regional Industrial Clusters: Taking the Toulouse Aerospace Manufacturing Cluster as an Example Guo Yadi Based on the regional innovation ecosystem theory under the triple helix vision,this paper takes Toulouse aerospace manufacturing cluster as a case to discuss how French engineering universities drive innovation in regional industrial clusters,to provide reference for engineering education to develop advanced manufacturing clusters in China.The results show of follows.①the cluster has undergone the stages of inception,development,and maturity.②government-industry-university ties shifted from separation to interaction,forming a collaborative triple helix.③engineering universities are key in talent training,technology innovation,and guiding industry trends under the regional innovation ecosystem mode of cluster. 2025 (7): 169-178 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7674 KB)  ( 2 ) 179 The Impact of the U.S.“China Action Plan”on China's International Research Collaboration in Emerging Technologies: An Example from the Field of Synthetic Biology Liu Qian, Guan Jiao, Liu Hongxu, Hu Guangyuan Since the end of 2018,scientific cooperation in emerging technologies between China and the United States has faced significant challenges.Quantifying the impact of political conflicts on scientific cooperation can help China's international cooperation in emerging technologies address international challenges.This paper empirically examines the impact of this external shock on China's international scientific research cooperation in emerging technologies based on the data of international scientific research cooperation in synthetic biology between 2009 and 2023,and empirically analyzes the effects of this policy through interviews and quasi-natural experiments constructed by the U.S.“China Action Plan”.The study also analyzes the mechanism behind the policy through interviews.The study finds that the direct impact of the“China Action Plan”on the number of collaborative papers between China and the United States is relatively limited,but it significantly reduces the academic quality and impact of the collaborative papers between China and the United States.The mechanism analysis shows that the“China Action Plan”reduces the academic quality of collaborative papers by restricting US-China cooperation in emerging technologies,and reduces the academic impact of collaborative papers by changing the overall environment of international cooperation. 2025 (7): 179-188 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6195 KB)  ( 4 )

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