Abstract：Based on data from 30 provinces in China from 2015 to 2023,this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system comprising two primary indicators(input quality and output efficiency)and 13 tertiary indicators. By employing the entropy method and Malmquist index,it empirically examines the gradient pattern of regional technological innovation in China,the changes in total factor productivity(TFP),and their driving mechanisms from both static and dynamic efficiency perspectives. The study reveals:①The level of scientific and technological innovation exhibits a gradient pattern of“leading in the east,catching up in the central region,and lagging in the west and northeast,”with steady improvements across all provinces. The national average annual growth rate reached 9.39%,and the absolute disparities between regions tend to converge.②From a dynamic efficiency perspective,the total factor productivity of technological innovation grew at an average annual rate of 3.7%,primarily driven by technological progress(average annual growth of 3.5%),while the improvement in technical efficiency had a relatively limited impact(average annual growth of 0.2%).③Based on the combined relationship between technical efficiency and technological progress,four driving models can be identified:dual-driven(coordinated advancement of both),efficiency-driven(technical efficiency promotion),technology-constrained(decline due to insufficient technological progress),and dual-constrained(insignificant improvement in both). Accordingly,the study recommends implementing differentiated regional innovation strategies and focusing on promoting the dual-wheel drive of technical efficiency and technological progress to optimize the sci-tech innovation system.
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