1. Research Center for Innovative Theory of the Party,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China; 2. Research Center for Technological Innovation,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China; 3. School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China; 4. School of Business Administration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China
Abstract：Proof of concept(PoC)is the“first mile”of scientific and technological achievements transformation and a key link connecting technological innovation with industrial innovation.User enterprises are closely associated with application scenarios,and their deep participation is important for promoting the integration of technological and industrial innovation.Existing studies still lack a systematic explanation of the motivation mechanisms and behavioral paths of user enterprises' participation in PoC.Based on a conceptual definition of user enterprises and an analysis of 12 case studies,this paper analyzes their participation mechanism from five dimensions:driving motivations,contextual conditions,mediating mechanisms,action strategies,and outcomes and benefits.The findings show that user enterprises gradually shift from demand proposers to value co-creators in PoC,promoting PoC from a single technology transfer link to a collaborative process that improves the precise matching between supply and demand.Participation mechanisms vary significantly across contexts,showing features of goal orientation,mechanism combination,and phased governance.
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