Abstract：Quantum computing,as a core technology of the second quantum revolution,is transitioning from theoretical conception to practical application.Beginning with the scientific principles of quantum computing,this study reveals how properties such as quantum superposition and quantum entanglement enable exponential acceleration and optimization of computational complexity in specific problems—commonly referred to as “quantum advantage”. From a risk perspective,quantum computing poses challenges across three dimensions including technological regulatory risks to national security,fair competition risks in market order,and ethical as well as legal risks at the individual level.By comparing the United States' restrained governance aimed at sustaining technological leadership with the European Union's techno-protectionism rooted in global quantum competition dynamics,this study proposes that China should adopt an integrated approach of inclusive prudence and adaptive governance.It includes building a state-led,large-scale scientific infrastructure development model and a localization strategy for quantum technologies.In terms of implementation,it is recommended to establish a national agency dedicated to the promotion and development of the quantum technology industry.Regulatory strategies should be problem-oriented,prioritize urgent needs,and adopt scenario-based approaches.In addition,privacy-enhancing technologies should be leveraged to mitigate quantum-related risks.In the broader context of competition and innovation,China should maintain a balance between rational regulation and forward-looking innovation to guide the future trajectory of a “quantum civilization.”
张珺皓. 量子计算技术的风险治理研究:欧美镜鉴与中国方案[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2025(11): 161-170.
Zhang Junhao. Research on Risk Governance of Quantum Computing Technology: Lessons from Europe and the United States and China's Approach. , 2025(11): 161-170.
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