A Comparative Study of Generative AI Regulation Dynamics in China and the EU —From an Institutional Interaction Perspective
Sun Xinru1, Sun Gang2, Zhao Xiaoyu1, Huang Yanfen1
1. School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China; 2. Weichai Lovol Intelligent Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Weifang 261200,China
Abstract：International institutional differences in generative artificial intelligence have created collaborative barriers,posing regulatory challenges for global governance.Existing research predominantly focuses on analyzing regulatory texts within single jurisdictions,lacking attention to the dynamic interactions between them.This paper draws upon institutional interaction theory to construct an analytical framework encompassing horizontal interaction,vertical interaction,and functional interaction.It employs TF-IDF and LDA topic modeling to explore and quantitatively compare the policy texts of Chinese and EU generative AI regulatory systems.The study reveals that at the horizontal level,the Chinese and EU regulatory systems exhibit differentiated pathways alongside a trend of mutual learning.Vertically,a bidirectional interaction is observed,characterized by the EU's standards output and China's localized adaptation and innovation.Functionally,both sides demonstrate institutional responsiveness to technological iteration,albeit through distinct mechanisms.These institutional interactions not only shape regulatory divergence but also drive innovation and synergy in governance tools.Based on these findings,this paper proposes policy recommendations aimed at deepening Sino-EU dialogue and cooperation,increasing participation in international rule-making,and constructing an adaptive governance system.These suggestions offer significant reference for fostering a new global paradigm in AI governance that balances innovation and risk.
孙心茹, 孙刚, 赵小渝, 黄燕芬. 中欧生成式人工智能监管动态特征及比较研究——基于制度互动视角[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2026(7): 178-188.
Sun Xinru, Sun Gang, Zhao Xiaoyu, Huang Yanfen. A Comparative Study of Generative AI Regulation Dynamics in China and the EU —From an Institutional Interaction Perspective. , 2026(7): 178-188.
[1] 中共二十届四中全会在京举行:中央政治局主持全会中央委员会总书记习近平作重要讲话[N].人民日报,2025-10-24(001). [2] 时建中.数据概念的解构与数据法律制度的构建兼论数据法学的学科内涵与体系[J].中外法学,2023,35(1):23-45. [3] 贾开.人工智能与算法治理研究[J].中国行政管理,2019(1):17-22. [4] 陈兵,董思琰.常态化监管与算法分类分级治理模式更新[J].学术论坛,2024,47(3):46-55. [5] 王卫.欧盟理事会正式批准《人工智能法案》[N].法治日报,2024-06-03(006). [6] 张吉豫.论算法备案制度[J].东方法学,2023(2):86-98. [7] 徐凤.人工智能算法黑箱的法律规制:以智能投顾为例展开[J].东方法学,2019(6):78-86. [8] 张凌寒.网络平台监管的算法问责制构建[J].东方法学,2021(3):22-40. [9] 孙跃元.算法决策应用的外部风险及其公共治理路径研究[J].河北法学,2023,41(4):156-175. [10] 刘泽刚.论算法认知偏差对人工智能法律规制的负面影响及其矫正[J].政治与法律,2022(11):50-65. [11] 石婧,常禹雨,祝梦迪.人工智能“深度伪造”的治理模式比较研究[J].电子政务,2020(5):69-79. [12] 曾雄,梁正,张辉.欧盟人工智能的规制路径及其对我国的启示:以《人工智能法案》为分析对象[J].电子政务,2022(9):63-72. [13] 李贤森,李庭凯.论人工智能系统法律风险规制:以欧盟《人工智能法》为例[J].北京科技大学学报:社会科学版,2025,41(5):86-102. [14] 史凤林,张志远.论人工智能的公法规制:美欧模式与中国路径[J].理论月刊,2023(8):127-139. [15] Roberts H,Cowls J,Hine E,et al.Governing artificial intelligence in China and the European Union:comparing aims and promoting ethical outcomes[J].The Information Society,2023,39(2):79-97. [16] Brosig M.Overlap and interplay between international organisations:theories and approaches[J].South African Journal of International Affairs,2011,18(2):147-167. [17] Young O R.The institutional dimensions of environmental change:fit,interplay,and scale[M].Cambridge:MIT Press,2002. [18] Young O R.Institutional linkages in international society:polar perspectives[J].Global governance,1996,2(1):1-23. [19] Stokke O S.Governing high seas fisheries:the interplay of global and regional regimes[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001. [20] Oberthü R S,Gehring T.Institutional interaction in global environmental governance:the case of the Cartagena Protocol and the World Trade Organization[J].Global Environmental Politics,2006,6(2):1-31. [21] Oberthü R S,Gehring T.Institutional interaction in global environmental governance:synergy and conflict among international and EU policies[M].Cambridge:MIT Press,2006. [22] Gehring T,OberthüR S.The causal mechanisms of interaction between international institutions[J].European journal of international relations,2009,15(1):125-156. [23] 李佳轩,常帅峰,袁勤俭.中外生成式人工智能监管政策比较研究[J].情报理论与实践,2025,48(6):37-46. [24] 崔星璐,姚长青.我国人工智能系统分级透明制度的构建路径:基于欧盟《人工智能法案》风险评估模式的研究[J].情报杂志,2025,44(11):160-169. [25] 张涛,韦晓霞.我国算法治理政策法规内容及框架分析[J].现代情报,2023,43(9):98-110. [26] Blei D M,Ng A Y,Jordan M I.Latent dirichlet allocation[J].Journal of machine Learning research,2003.
2026, 
