Effectiveness Evaluation of Policy Tools for Local S&T Achievements Transformation Based on Text Quantitative Analysis
Xie Li1,2, Yang Hua3, Zhang Zhiqiang1,2
1. Chengdu Library and Information Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China; 2. School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100872,China; 3. Library of Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China
Abstract：The transformation of S&T achievements can promote national and regional economic and social development.To this end,governments at all levels have launched corresponding policies to promote the transformation.Therefore,exploring scientific measurement methods to evaluate the effect of policy tools is an important frontier of Policy Informatics.Based on the policy text quantitative analysis,this paper analyzes the correlation between policy tools and transformation efficiency with the help of BP neural network model,and evaluates the effect of different policy tools in promoting the transformation of S&T achievements.The paper selects the S&T achievements transformation policies of Chongqing from 2000 to 2019,represented the transformation efficiency by the contract turnover in technology market,analyzes the importance of different policy tools to the transformation efficiency.The results show there are obvious differences between the utilization of policy tools and their relative importance to the transformation efficiency.The policy tools which directly input human and financial resources are not the most effective ways to promote transformation,while public infrastructures and services have the most obvious effects.In addition,financial and taxation tools have a stable performance in promoting the transformation of S&T achievements.Finally,we put forward policy suggestions from four aspects including improving input precision of supply-oriented policies,emphasizing the flexibility and applicability of environmental-oriented policies,exploring reasonable supply modes for demand-oriented policies,and paying attention to the policy differences and policy tools combination effects.
谢黎, 杨华, 张志强. 基于文本量化的地方科技成果转化政策工具效果评价[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2022(12): 55-66.
Xie Li, Yang Hua, Zhang Zhiqiang. Effectiveness Evaluation of Policy Tools for Local S&T Achievements Transformation Based on Text Quantitative Analysis. , 2022(12): 55-66.
[1]梁正.中国科技成果转化政策40年回顾与反思[N/OL].学习时报, (2019-10-30)[2021-05-20].http://www.china.com.cn/opinion/think/2019-10/30/content_75355011.htm. [2]杨戈.全国性科技成果转移转化政策梳理与解读[J].中国科技奖励,2018 (9):42-43. [3]吴寿仁.2019年以来科技成果转化政策法规述评[EB/OL]. (2021-03-30)[2021-05-20].https://www.163.com/dy/article/G6C9H2RD0511D98B.html. [4]张之豪.中国科技成果转化2021年度报告发布[N/OL].科技日报 (2022-07-01)[2022-08-18].https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202207/01/WS62be75c8a3101c3ee7add6b1.html. [5]PETRONI G,VENTURINI K,SANTINI S.Space technology transfer policies:learning from scientific satellite case studies[J].Space policy,2010,26 (1):39-52. [6]KIM Y J,BROWN M.Impact of domestic energy-efficiency policies on foreign innovation:the case of lighting technologies[J].Energy policy,2019(28):539-552. [7]BESSANT J.The rise and fall of ‘Supernet’:a case study of technology transfer policy for smaller firms[J].Research policy,1999 (28):601-614. [8]关成华,邱英杰.财政政策工具与中国科技企业孵化器效率[J].财政研究,2018 (12):48-61. [9]JANSSEN M.What bangs for your buck? Assessing the design and impact of Dutch transformative policy[J].Technological forecasting and social change,2019,138:78-94. [10]林芳芳.政策视角下的我国科技成果转化效率研究[J].情报杂志,2016 (10):86-90. [11]王欣,杜宝贵.全面创新改革试验政策对科技成果转化的影响效应[J/OL].科技进步与对策:1-11[2022-11-03].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1224.G3.20220526.1715.020.html. [12]张玉华,李茂洲,杨旭淼.基于主题模型的地方科技成果转化政策组态效应研究[J].中国科技论坛,2022 (5):11-20,30. [13]张素敏.地方政府在促进科技成果转化过程中的注意力配置——基于15个省域政策文本的NVivo分析[J].河南师范大学学报 (自然科学版),2022,50 (3):104-112. [14]许晗,杜宁宁.高校科研人员科技成果转化政策分析——基于政策工具视角下的61份文本研究 (1996—2020)[J].中国高校科技,2022 (5):90-96. [15]高慧,卢园园.湖北省科技成果转化政策研究——基于文本分析的视角[J].社会科学动态,2020 (9):61-68. [16]张露元.重庆市科技成果转化政策文本评价与优化研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2018. [17]中国科学技术发展战略研究院.中国区域科技创新评价报告2021[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2021. [18]邓志超,孙莉.辽宁省科技成果转化政策文本的量化分析[J].创新科技,2019,19 (2):51-56. [19]唐青青.基于内容分析法的国家和广西科技成果转化政策对比分析[J].安徽科技,2019 (6):19-23. [20]李春林,李杰,刘丽丽.基于二维分析框架的中国高校科技成果转化政策分析[J].黑龙江高教研究,2019,37 (11):47-52. [21]孙龙,雷良海.基于政策量化分析的上海市财政支持科技成果转化研究[J].科技管理研究,2020,40 (8):40-45. [22]朱雪忠,胡锴.中国技术市场的政策过程、政策工具与设计理念[J].中国软科学,2020 (4):1-16. [23]刘江涛.基于政策工具视角的科技成果转化政策分析[J].中国轻工教育,2014 (3):26-29,83. [24]马江娜,李华,王方.陕西省科技成果转化政策文本分析——基于政策工具与创新价值链双重视角[J].中国科技论坛,2017 (8):103-111. [25]葛章志,宋伟.地方政府促进科技成果转化新政策研究[J].科技管理研究,2015,35 (23):30-35. [26]赵建强,石安.基于内容分析法的科技成果转化政策演进趋势分析[J].河北地质大学学报,2020,43 (1):118-124. [27]李伟红,徐艳萌.基于文献计量的科技成果转化政策知识图谱分析[J].产业科技创新,2021,3 (1):55-58. [28]陈涛涛,陈红喜,丁子仪.我国科技成果转化政策演进脉络及未来进路分析[J].经济师,2020 (2):11-13,17. [29]张振刚,魏玉媛.广东省科技成果转化政策内部结构和重点政策内容评估[J].科技管理研究,2020,40 (24):60-70. [30]方齐,谢洪明.科技成果转化政策供给与政策协调的组态效应[J].科学学研究,2021 (12):1-16. [31]刘玉勉.产学研融合视角下科技成果转化机制研究[J].黑龙江科学,2021,12 (14):162-164. [32]杨锐,廖觅燕,李良强,等.促进科研人员成果转化的政策工具有效性验证——基于四川省的数据[J].中国科技论坛,2019 (9):92-100. [33]CRESO M S,JEFFREY L.University-industry research collaborations in Canada:the role of federal policy instruments[J].Science and public policy,2011,38 (6):425-435. [34]GAN Q Q,HONG J,HOU B J.Assessing the different types of policy instruments and policy mix for commercialisation of university technologies[J].Technology analysis & strategic management,2021,33 (5):554-567. [35]MUNARI F,RASMUSSEN E,TOSCHI1 L,et al.Determinants of the university technology transfer policy-mix:a cross-national analysis of gap-funding instruments[J].Journal of technology transfer,2016(41):1377-1405. [36]LINNÉR B,MICKWITZ P,ROMAN M.Reducing greenhouse gas emissions through development policies:a framework for analysing policy interventions[J].Climate and development,2012 (4):175-186. [37]THAPAR S,SHARMA S,VERMA A.Economic and environmental effectiveness of renewable energy policyinstruments:best practices from India[J].Renewable and sustainable energy eeviews,2016(66):487-498. [38]BERGEK A,BERGGREN C.The impact of environmental policy instruments on innovation:a review of energy and automotive industry studies[J].Ecological economics,2014(106):112-123. [39]LEE R,DEN UYL R,RUNHAAR H.Assessment of policy instruments for pesticide use reduction in Europe;Learning from a systematic literature review[J/OL].Cropprotection,2019,126.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104929. [40]MENDONÇA R,ROEBELING P,FIDÉLIS T,et al.Policy instruments to encourage the adoption of nature-based solutions in urban landscapes[J].Resources,2021,10 (8):81. [41]PEÑASCO C,ANADÓN L D,VERDOLINI E.Systematic review of the outcomes and trade-offs of ten types of decarbonization policy instruments[J].Nature climate change,2021 (11):257-265. [42]NIMUBONA A D,RUS H A.Green technology transfers and border tax adjustments[J].Environmental and resource economics,2015(62):189-206. [43]CHENG Q,YI H T.Complementarity and substitutability:a review of state level renewable energy policy instrument interactions[J].Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2017(67):683-691. [44]CAPANO G,HOWLETT M.The knowns and unknowns of policy instrument analysis:policy tools and the current research agenda on policy mixes[J/OL].Sage open,10 (1).https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900568. [45]胡泽文,武夷山.科技产出影响因素分析与预测研究——基于多元回归和BP神经网络的途径[J].科学学研究,2012,30 (7):992-1004. [46]吴寿仁.科技成果转化若干热点问题解析 (二十三)——科技成果转化评价方式与评价政策导读[J].科技中国,2019 (4):37-46. [47]金峰.广西高校科技成果转化绩效评价研究——以桂林理工大学为例[J].教育教学论坛,2019 (21):69-72. [48]熊鸿儒.我国科研部门成果转化效率的测算与评价:基于价值导向的国际比较[J].学习与探索,2019 (2):114-120. [49]杨亚丽.安徽省科技成果转化政策实施效果研究[D].合肥:安徽大学,2019. [50]余冰清.湖北省科技成果转化政策实施效果评价研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2016. [51]祝铭,宋丹.高校科技成果转化与区域科技创新能力的测度及耦合协调度研究[J].大连理工大学学报 (社会科学版),2019,40 (5):100-108. [52]郑元元.基于DEA和三螺旋理论的 “双一流”高校科技成果转化效率评价研究[D].合肥:安徽大学,2019. [53]杜宝贵,张鹏举.科技成果转化政策的多重并发因果关系与多元路径——基于上海等22个省市的QCA分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2019,40 (11):3-14. [54]李斌.浙江省科技政策促进高校科技成果转化绩效的实证研究[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2018. [55]HAN J.Identifying the effects of technology transfer policy using a quantile regression:the case of South Korea[J].Journal of technology transfer,2020(45):1690-1717. [56]杜宝贵,张鹏举.科技成果转化政策效果研究——基于人均输出地技术市场合同成交额的分析视角[J].辽宁大学学报 (哲学社会科学版),2020,48 (3):82-93,185. [57]杜宝贵,张鹏举.科技成果转化政策效果衡量指标的适用性分析[J].中国高校科技,2020 (6):90-93. [58]张之豪.中国科技成果转化2021年度报告发布[N/OL].中国日报, (2022-07-01)[2022-10-20].https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202207/01/WS62be75c8a3101c3ee7add6b1.html. [59]贺德方.对科技成果及科技成果转化若干基本概念的辨析与思考[J].中国软科学,2011 (11):1-7. [60]BOZEMAN B.Technology transfer and public policy:a review of research and theory[J].Research policy,2000 (29):627-655. [61]鲁若愚.企业大学合作创新的机理研究[D].北京:清华大学,2002. [62]徐顽强,金曼,张红方.武汉东湖国家自主创新示范区重大科技成果产业化政策激励研究[J].科技进步与对策,2012 (6):100-103. [63]FAN Y G.Latecomer's strategy:an assessment of BDS industrialization policy[J].Space policy,2016 (38):1-11. [64]HOPPMANN J,PETERS M,SCHNEIDER M,et al.The two faces of market support:how deployment policies affect technological exploration and exploitation in the solar photovoltaic industry[J].Research policy,2013,42 (4):989-1003. [65]ROTHWELL R,ZEGVELD W.Industrial innovation and public policy:preparing for the 1980s and 1990s[M].London:Frances printer,1981. [66]廖晓东,张跃.基于政策工具与创新价值链双重视角的科技成果转化政策国际比较研究[J].科技管理研究,2019 (7):56-62. [67]徐硼,罗帆.政策工具视角下的中国科技创新政策[J].科学学研究,2020,38 (5):826-833.
2022, 
