A Comparative Study on the Typical Models of the Institutionalization Process of China's System of Sending Sci-Tech Experts to Rural Areas: A Case Study of Fujian,Zhejiang,and Ningxia Models
Zhang Xiaoying
Institute for Six-Sector Economy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China
Abstract：The system of sending sci-tech experts to rural areas was first piloted in Nanping,Fujian Province,and subsequently diffused across China.The system has evolved into an institutional practice designed to address critical gaps in agricultural technology and innovation-driven entrepreneurship in underdeveloped regions.Scientifically identifying the typical models and their implementation mechanisms within this institutionalization process is essential for advancing rural revitalization through science and technology reform.Taking Fujian,Zhejiang,and Ningxia as comparative cases,this study examines the institutionalization processes of three distinctive models.The findings reveal that the Fujian model,characterized by local government-led administrative dispatch and institutional innovation,has served a pioneering and demonstrative function nationwide.The institutional significance of the Zhejiang model lies in its horizontal expansion from agriculture and rural development into industry and the service sector.The Ningxia model departs from the linear paradigm of technology diffusion by forming interest-sharing communities with farmers to stimulate entrepreneurship.Collectively,these three models constitute an autonomous knowledge system for the system of sending sci-tech experts to rural areas.Intergovernmental competition has promoted model diversification,intergovernmental learning has facilitated unified national action,and cross-sectoral learning has enabled the system's extension into industry,information,and finance sectors.This paper advances theoretical research on the system of sending sci-tech experts to rural areas and offers a reference for understanding how China's science and technology policies evolve from local experimentation to nationwide diffusion and ultimately to national institutionalization.
张晓颖. 中国科技特派员制度化过程典型模式比较研究——以福建、浙江和宁夏模式为例[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2026(8): 31-38.
Zhang Xiaoying. A Comparative Study on the Typical Models of the Institutionalization Process of China's System of Sending Sci-Tech Experts to Rural Areas: A Case Study of Fujian,Zhejiang,and Ningxia Models. , 2026(8): 31-38.
[1] 浙江省科学技术厅.人才下沉科技下乡争做带头人为乡村振兴共同富裕贡献“科技特派员”力量:浙江科技特派员制度推行20周年纪实[J].中国农村科技,2024(10):16-19. [2] 郁建兴,秦上人.制度化:内涵、类型学、生成机制与评价[J].学术月刊,2015,47(3):109-117. [3] 刘冬梅,石践.对我国农村科技扶贫组织形式转变的思考[J].中国科技论坛,2005(1):116-120. [4] Sebastian H.中国异乎常规的政策制定过程:不确定情况下反复试验[J].开放时代,2009(7):41-48. [5] Sebastian H.From local experiments to national policy:the origins of China's distinctive policy process[J].The China Journal,2008(59):1-30. [6] 周望.如何“由点到面”:“试点—推广”的发生机制与过程模式[J].中国行政管理,2016(10):111-115. [7] 檀学文.宁夏科技特派员制度的机制与效果[J].中国农村经济,2007(4):60-68. [8] 臧雷振,刘超.科技特派行动助力乡村振兴的嵌入式发展路径探索:多案例比较分析[J].中国行政管理,2021(11):115-122. [9] 姜靖,刘永功.我国科技特派员制度实践与创新:以浙江省为例[J].科学管理研究,2019,37(2):89-92. [10] 符平,韩继翔.试点治理的逻辑:一个分析框架及其应用[J].社会科学,2023(2):168-178. [11] 康镇.政策试点的实验主义治理逻辑与转型进路[J].求实,2020(4):56-69. [12] 张勇杰.渐进式改革中的政策试点机理[J].改革,2017(9):38-46. [13] 冯川.试点政策的可错性与可推广性:一个关于政策试验“盆景化”的解释框架[J].政治学研究,2024(2):206-219. [14] 张克.新中国70年改革试点复制推广机制:回顾与展望[J].南京社会科学,2019(10):11-17. [15] 周望.如何“先试先行”:央地互动视角下的政策试点启动机制[J].北京行政学院学报,2013(5):20-24. [16] 李智超.政策试点推广的多重逻辑:基于我国智慧城市试点的分析[J].公共管理学报,2019,16(3):145-156. [17] 王路昊.政策试点推广过程中的话语机制[J].中国行政管理,2022(3):22-29. [18] 郁建兴,黄飚.当代中国地方政府创新的新进展:兼论纵向政府间关系的重构[J].政治学研究,2017(5):88-103. [19] 苗丰涛.基层创新如何上升为国家政策:府际关系视角下的纵向政策创新传导机制分析[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2022,24(6):41-51. [20] 岳经纶,王春晓.三明医改经验何以得到全国性推广?基于政策创新扩散的研究[J].广东社会科学,2017(5):186-197. [21] 王浦劬,赖先进.中国公共政策扩散的模式与机制分析[J].北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013,50(6):14-23. [22] 周黎安.中国地方官员的晋升锦标赛模式研究[J].经济研究,2007(7):36-50. [23] Shipan C R,Volden C.The mechanisms of policy diffusion[J].American Journal of Political Science,2008,52(4):840-857. [24] Finnemore M,Sikkink K.International norm dynamics and political change[J].International Organization,1998,52:887-917. [25] IMF.Poverty reduction strategy papers(PRSP)[R].Washington,D.C.:International Monetary Fund,2016. [26] Woods N.The Globalizers:The IMF,the World Bank,and their Borrowers[M].Ithaca:Cornell University Press,2006. [27] Roberts N C,King P J.Policy entrepreneurs:their activity structure and function in the policy process[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,1991,1(2):147-175. [28] 简小鹰.我国科技特派员制度与农村科技体制改革[J].科学管理研究,2005(3):53-56. [29] 郑庆昌,宋国林,王东炎.透视“科技特派员”制度:农村科技推广体系转变与破解“三农”问题的切入点和突破口[J].福建农林大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002(4):1-9. [30] UNDP.Case study of the China agriculture special task force[M].New York:United Nations Development Programme,2013. [31] 朱杭,刘仁平.科技特派员制度和农村科技体制创新[J].浙江工商大学学报,2005(6):71-73. [32] 陈国定,张明生,张社梅.法人科技特派员制度的实践与思考:以浙江省农科院为例[J].农业科技通讯,2012(2):22-24. [33] 夏英,王震.农村科技特派员推广服务体系与传播机制分析[J].农业经济问题,2011,32(3):31-34. [34] 吴世娟.新时代深化科技特派员制度创新研究:以福建省南平市为例[J].南京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2022,35(6):39-45. [35] 张来武.生态农业六次产业化:新时代科技特派员创新创业[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2024.
2026, 
