Abstract：To uncover the drivers of breakthrough innovation amid ongoing industrial transformation and upgrading,this study examines A-share listed firms in China’s automobile industry from 2010 to 2023 and investigates how firms’ knowledge characteristics shape breakthrough innovation and its moderating mechanisms. The results show that:①Knowledge diversity significantly promotes breakthrough innovation,while knowledge specialization exhibits a U-shaped relationship with breakthrough innovation.②Regarding network structure,network closure weakens both the positive effect of knowledge diversity and the U-shaped effect of knowledge specialization,whereas network centrality strengthens the U-shaped effect of knowledge specialization.③Regarding environmental uncertainty,economic policy uncertainty suppresses the positive impact of knowledge diversity,and market competition intensity attenuates both the positive effect of knowledge diversity and the U-shaped effect of knowledge specialization. The findings not only enrich innovation theory but also provide important insights for the management practices of breakthrough innovation in enterprises.
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