促进科技人才队伍性别平衡:美国国家科学基金会ADVANCE项目的演进、举措与成效

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摘要为了应对科技人才队伍性别失衡、女性科技人才职业发展存在瓶颈等问题,美国于2001年正式设立由国家科学基金会资助的ADVANCE项目。本文聚焦项目发展历程、改革举措和成效挑战,研究探讨美国赋能女性科技人才发展的实践进展。该项目主要经历萌芽、转向、拓展和多样化4个阶段,逐渐形成机构变革、规划、适应和合作4个轨道,并采取机构转型、组织自评、循证决策和促进合作等改革举措。美国国家科学基金会以资助项目形式提升国家科技水平和科技人才队伍综合竞争力的改革实践为中国加强科技人才队伍建设、实现高水平科技自立自强提供了有益参考。

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	王涛利
	洪敏

关键词 ：科技人才队伍, 女性科技人才, ADVANCE项目

Abstract：To address issues such as gender imbalance in the scientific and technological talent pool and career development bottlenecks of female scientific and technological talents,the United States officially established the ADVANCE program funded by the National Science Foundation in 2001.Focusing on the developmental process,reform measures,and achievements and challenges of the program,this study explores the practical progress of empowering the development of female scientific and technological talents in the United States.The program has gone through four stages including germination,transformation,expansion and diversification,and gradually formed four tracks including institutional transfromation,planning,adaptation and cooperation.The ADVANCE program has taken reform measures such as institutional transformation,organizational self-evaluation,evidence-based decision-making,and promoting cooperation under different tracks.It has effectively improved the national level of science and technology and the comprehensive competitiveness of scientific and technological personnel in the United States.It thus provides a useful reference for China to strengthen the construction of scientific and technological personnel and realize high level of scientific and technological self-reliance.

Key words： Technological workforce Female scientific and technological talent ADVANCE program

收稿日期: 2024-05-23

PACS:

G316

基金资助:国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“差异化视角下‘留学中国’吸引力的形成机制与提升路径研究”(BIA230164)。

通讯作者: 洪敏

作者简介: 王涛利(1996—),女,重庆綦江人,讲师,研究方向为高等教育管理与政策。

引用本文:

王涛利, 洪敏. 促进科技人才队伍性别平衡:美国国家科学基金会ADVANCE项目的演进、举措与成效[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2025(5): 170-179.
Wang Taoli, Hong Min. Empowering the Development of Female Scientific and Technological Talent:The Evolution, Measures and Achievements of the ADVANCE Program of the National Science Foundation in the United States. , 2025(5): 170-179.

链接本文:

http://www.zgkjlt.org.cn/CN/Y2025/I5/170

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