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2021, No. 8
Published: 2021-08-05
1
Change of S&T Policy and Total Factor Productivity Growth ——Analysis Based on Event System Theory
Li Wei
Based on the Solow residual method in the growth accounting method,this paper selects the time series data from the macroeconomic aggregate statistics of China from 1990 to 2019,and calculates the growth and variation level of total factor productivity (TFP).The results indicate that the change of TFP shows a fluctuating trend and is similar to the change of output level in the same period.Then,using the event system theory (EST),under the background of S&T system reform in China,this paper analyzes the “event” influence resulting from the promulgation and implement of those important science and technology guidelines and strategies by the government,explains the cause of TFP change during this period,and summarizes the trend of scientific and technological progress and development in our country.This paper enriches the analysis perspective of the causes of the change of China's TFP,and provides important clues for the subsequent work of promoting scientific and technological development,positioning of key areas reform,and achieving the transformation goal of high-quality economic development.
2021 (8): 1-11 [
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12
The Differential Impact of Selective and Non-selective Government Subsidies on Performance of Technology-based Entrepreneurial Enterprises
Luo Xingwu, Zhang Hao, Liu Yang
Based on the panel data of CIBPD 2011—2015 and the integrated use of PSM-DID and survival analysis,the paper manages to explore the micro-effect of selective and non-selective government subsidies on the performance of TBEE from the perspective of resources and systems integration.The empirical results of the three sub-studies including “is it effective?” “how to influence the performances?”and “whether it continues to affect performance?”show the followings.Both selective and non-selective government subsidies have a positive impact on the performance of TBEE.However,the effect of subsidies is more “supporting the strong”.Organizational legitimacy represents a vital channel for selective government subsidies to improve the performance of TBEEs,but has no significant transmission effect between non-selective government subsidies for “encourage the weak”and the performance of TBEE.In general,the government subsidies extend the duration of performance growth of TBEE.But mainly reflected in the effect of selective subsidies that “support the strong”.
2021 (8): 12-21 [
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22
Independent Technological Innovation or Technology Introduction: Paradigm Choice and Optimal Resource Allocation
Cai Yuanyuan, Qi Liangqun, Zhang Yi, Wang Chengdong
Focusing on the paradigm choice and the optimal resource allocation of innovation in the process of industrial technology innovation,taking the high-end equipment manufacturing as an example to conduct an empirical study from both industry and country perspective to reveal the law of industrial technological innovation efficiency and the selection of industrial technological innovation paradigm,this paper puts forward the optimal allocation strategy of industrial innovation resources based on the efficiency perspective.The results are as follows.The relationship between the efficiency of independent technological innovation and the efficiency of technology introduction of high-end equipment manufacturing in different countries is quite heterogeneous;The technology introduction efficiency of China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry leads the world,and the efficiency of independent technological innovation is at the global mid-to-upstream level.The technological innovation efficiency of high-end equipment manufacturing industry has a large dispersion.Appropriate control of the investment scale of technological innovation resources and adjustment of investment structure can effectively improve its technological innovation efficiency.Under the constraints of technological innovation resources,the choice of efficiency-oriented technological innovation paradigm should start with the introduction of technology,and then carry out independent technological innovation on the basis of realizing the scale effect of technological innovation and continuously improving the management level of technological innovation,and then realize comprehensive technological innovation.The industries should follow the specific proportion relationship to optimize the resource allocation of technological innovation,in order to improve the efficiency of the optimal resource allocation of technological innovation.
2021 (8): 22-32 [
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26
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33
Analysis of Project Manager System for Core Technology Research
Meng Xianjia, Yuan Jianxiang, Lei Jinliang
Core technology research is an important way to break the foreign technology blockade and enhance China's technological competitiveness.Starting from the reality of China's scientific and technological project management,this paper analyzes the characteristics and management requirements of core technology research projects.Combined with the advantages of the DARPA project manager system,the paper proposes a new distributed project manager system for core technology research to improve management efficiency by achieving scientific,precise and efficient decision-making and management,and puts forward relevant suggestions for its practical application.
2021 (8): 33-38 [
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39
Comparative Study on Scientific Research Ability Between Imported Talents and Native Talents from the Perspective of Bibliometric ——Taking the New Material as an Example
Zhang Guilan, Wang Yunhong, Jia Jia, Zheng Wenwen, Zhao Xiaoyuan
The imported talents and native talents are the two most important sources of high-level talents,who are the important forces for the development of national science and technology.This research focuses on high-level talents in the field of new materials in China,and selects 12 imported and native talents of the same age.Based on quantitative data analysis,the two types of talents are researched from the three dimensions of international cooperation,scientific research output and scholar influence.It is found that the imported talents had the significant advantages in international cooperation and the number of achievements.In terms of scholar influence,the imported talent group had a higher average H index,while the native talent group had a higher average π index and RCR index.The overall scientific research level of native talents is consistent with that of imported talents.While attracting high-quality overseas talents,China should also actively find native high-level talents and provides them with high-quality scientific research resources and environment.
2021 (8): 39-47 [
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48
Mechanism of Core Technology Breakthrough in Latecomer Complex Product System ——Vertical Case Study Based on CRRC (1986—2019)
Liu Haibing, Kan Yuyue, Xu Qingrui
Based on the vertical case study of CRRC,this paper systematically explores the mechanism of innovation capability improvement of latecomer complex product manufacturing enterprises from the micro level of enterprises.The results are as follows.①The mechanism to enhance the innovation capability of latecomer complex product manufacturing enterprises includes the power traction mechanism based on the national demand,the cooperative innovation mechanism that insists on “giving priority to myself”,the talent training mechanism that insists on centralized and unified leadership,and the long-term knowledge governance mechanism.②The power traction mechanism based on national demand provides innovative power,national demand provides a market for complex products,and government policies provide policy guarantees,both of which jointly provide the possibility of resource investment for latecomer complex product manufacturing enterprises.③The cooperative innovation mechanism that insists on “giving priority to myself”provides innovative resources.Adhering to the strategic determination of independent brands and building a cooperative model of relationship-based transactions enable latecomer complex product manufacturing enterprises to acquire external innovative resources and accumulate their own research and development capabilities on the basis of ensuring independent brands.④The talent training mechanism that insists on centralized and unified leadership provides innovative talents,specifically including the talent incentive mechanism that insists on centralized and unified leadership,attaches great importance to the construction of talent training system and value creation.⑤The long-term knowledge governance mechanism provides the knowledge base for latecomer complex product manufacturing enterprises and establishes the invisible purpose of serving the people.
2021 (8): 48-58 [
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59
Research on the Mechanism,Influencing Factors and Countermeasures of Industrial Intelligence Development
Han Qiuming, Wang Shuhua, Yang Xuecheng, Li Jingwang
The China's economy is in the transition stage from high-speed growth to high-quality development.It is very important for the high-quality development of China's economy to study the mechanism of artificial intelligence (AI)technology on industrial upgrading and the empowerment of the real economy,analyze the influencing factors that affect industrial intelligence,and propose targeted countermeasures.Systematically combing and comparing relevant domestic and foreign literature,the author interviews 14 industrial intelligence research experts by using qualitative research methods.This paper finds the followings.Foreign industrial intelligence research focuses more on algorithms and solutions while domestic research focuses on policy and factual analysis.AI technology realizes the creation of industrial value by changing the means of production,productivity and production methods and realizes the empowerment of the real economy by optimizing the industrial chain,enriching the innovation chain and expanding the value chain.Low technological maturity,difficulty in obtaining industry data,lagging digitization level,cost constraints of intelligent transformation,imperfect intelligent infrastructure,and severe shortage of talents are the main factors affecting the industrial intelligence.
2021 (8): 59-69 [
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70
Research on Energy-Saving and Emission-Reduction Efficiency of China's Automobile Industry from the Perspective of Technological Innovation
Ouyang Mingke, Li Jianfei, Zhang Yabin
Based on the perspective of technological innovation efficiency,this paper constructs a network structure model of the energy-saving and emission-reduction efficiency of China's automobile industry,and uses the non-radial and non-angle SSBM-NDEA model to measure the energy-saving and emission-reduction efficiency of China's automobile industry from 2000 to 2016.Quantile regression models are used to analyze the impact of technological innovation on the energy-saving and emission-reduction efficiency of China's automobile industry,as well as the heterogeneous characteristics and effects of different industrial sectors.The research results are as follows.①The overall level of energy-saving and emission-reduction efficiency of China's automobile industry is not high,and there are large differences among different internal industrial sectors.Technological innovation has played a significant impact on the improvement of the efficiency of energy-saving and emission-reduction in China's automobile industry,especially in the process of resource input conversion.②Three factors,including energy consumption structure,new product R&D investment,and market prospects,have significantly affected the improvement of the efficiency of energy-saving and emission-reduction in China's automobile industry.③The two technological innovation variables of new product R&D investment and R&D internal expenditure have different effects on the improvement of energy-saving and emission-reduction efficiency in different types of industrial sectors,and there are typical differences in the distribution of elastic coefficients at each quantile.The main innovation of this paper is to construct an energy-saving and emission-reduction efficiency model of the Chinese automobile industry from the perspective of technological innovation,analyze the energy-saving and emission-reduction effects of technological innovation among different industrial sectors,and provide a new theoretical research perspective,model and paradigm.
2021 (8): 70-81 [
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82
Evaluation on the Integrated Development of Culture and Science & Technology in Beijing
Yi Tong, Wang Haifeng, Zhang Guohui, Jiang Guanghua
This paper constructs an evaluation index system for the integrated development of culture and science & technology in Beijing,and evaluates the integrated development in Beijing from 2014 to 2018 from four aspects including integration foundation,integration input,integration output and integration environment,8 secondary indexes and 22 tertiary indexes.The results show that,taking 2014 as the base of 100,in 2018 the development scale index of Beijing's culture and science & technology development speed index is 148.6,15.1 percentage higher than that of the previous year.The growth rate was 5.2 percentage points higher than that of the previous year.In terms of fields,the three indexes of culture and science & technology integration foundation,integration output and integration environment achieved different degrees of growth compared with the previous year,but the input index declined slightly.Some suggestions are put forward at last.
2021 (8): 82-89 [
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90
Mapping China's Artificial Intelligence Regional Knowledge Innovation Ecosystems
Yue Xiaoxu, Su Jun, Philip Shapira, Xie Qijun
This paper develops an approach to map knowledge innovation ecosystems.As an empirical test case,the paper identifies and maps the presence of regionalized knowledge ecosystems in the artificial intelligence (AI)sector in China.The paper puts forward an analytical framework to study the knowledge innovation ecosystems in emerging technologies,and then investigates China's AI knowledge innovation ecosystems using scientometric and social network analysis methods.The paper analyzes the leading participants in the process of AI knowledge innovation in China,the regional distribution of AI knowledge innovation,and core regional knowledge innovation clusters and their formation.The results show that the broad emergence of China's AI knowledge innovation clusters is influenced by the underlying distribution of scientific and technological resources.Geographical proximity is only apparent within the same administrative regions.Regional coordinated development strategies and local innovation development policies could help regions overcome administrative boundaries,to achieve greater regional collaboration in AI knowledge innovation.
2021 (8): 90-100 [
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101
Study on the Evolution,Categories and Trend of the Concept of Digital Cities
Xu Zhuqing, Luo Airong
The relationship between city and technology enjoys a long history,but it is a new thing to connect the technical concept of “digital”with “city”as a proper term.This paper discusses the reasons for the rise and development of digital cities from two perspectives:the exogenous drive of technological change and the endogenous needs of urban development.Starting from the relevant concepts of digital cities,this paper first analyzes the evolution of the concept of digital cities.Then it divides digital cities into three categories:digital cities as information projections of physical cities,as functionally-enhanced physical cities and as extension of physical cities,and analyzed corresponding cases from a global perspective.Finally,the main trends of the development of digital cities in the future and the practical problems in current digital city construction are discussed.
2021 (8): 101-107 [
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Study on the Space-Time Evolution Characteristics and its Influence Mechanism of Chinese Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation
Xu Weixiang, Wang Rui, Liu Chengjun, Xu Yan, Liu Xiaowen
Based on the reconstructed agricultural science and technology index system,the entropy weight TOPSIS method is used to estimate the Chinese agricultural science and technology innovation level.According to the spatial auto-correlation,trend surface and spatial gravity models,its space-time evolution characteristics are analyzed and the influence mechanism is studied with the further application of the GWR model.The results reveal the followings.①China's agricultural science and technology innovation level is relatively low,and the polarization trend and level difference are large.In general,it shows a development trend of hierarchical decrease from Northeast China—North China—East China to southwest China—Northwest China.②Big variation within the region regarding the level of Chinese agricultural science and technology innovation is obvious,showing an inverted ζ-shaped trend for the spatial pattern.Meanwhile,the structure of spatial connection network has been featured by “density in the east and sparseness in the west”,revealing a big spatial connection intensity between the Northeast China and East China,indicating a spatial variation pattern where there's strong spatial triangular connection between Heilongjiang-Zhejiang-Anhui and intense cross connection between Shaanxi-Shandong,Shandong-Hubei and Shaanxi-Zhejiang.③Great positive effect has been made on agricultural science and technology innovation by the level of government support,human capital and internet+ strategy.Also rural economy level and agricultural resources in some regions have exerted a positive influence on agricultural science and technology innovation from the negative.But regional openness has negatively affected agricultural science and technology innovation in most regions.
2021 (8): 108-119 [
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120
The Effect of “Capable Men”in Modern Agricultural Technology Extension
Zhu Ying, Zhang Yan, Ning Yun
The construction of agricultural technology extension system of the diversified grass-roots is an important part in the development of agricultural technology extension system in China.In the process of modern agricultural technology extension,as a person who has great influence on the cognition and behavior of other farmers in a certain range of the rural community, “capable man”plays a very important intermediary role.This article explains the concept of “capable men”specifically,and proposes that the effect of “capable men”is a comprehensive reflection of demonstration effect,public welfare effect,information sharing effect,and magnetization effect in the process of agricultural technology extension.Then it suggests corresponding countermeasures to expand the effect of “capable men”,in order to promote multiple subjects to participate in modern agricultural technology extension and further improve the system.
2021 (8): 120-125 [
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126
Build the Complexity Dimension Model of Megaprojects in China Based on Grounded Theory
He Qinghua, Tian Zidan, Luo Lan
Megaprojects are typically complex systems,composed of heterogeneous subprojects with technical difficulty,system relevance,and unknown factors.Megaprojects are affected by various factors such as national and local policies,laws,systems,and culture.Based on several megaproject cases such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge,the South-to-North Water Transfer Project,the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway,the Shanghai World Expo,and the Qinghai-Tibet Railway,this paper adopts grounded theory as a panoramic qualitative research method to establish megaprojects complexity dimensional model.The results show that the complexity of megaprojects includes organizational complexity,task complexity,technical complexity,environmental complexity,institutional complexity,and social complexity.Besides,there are complex interrelationships among various dimensions,which reflects the endogeneity,emergence,and exogeneity of megaprojects complexity.This research has important theoretical and practical significance for the development of complexity theory,which is suitable for the context of megaprojects in China.
2021 (8): 126-134 [
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135
New Ideas for Intelligent Regulation of Special Equipment Safety:Blockchain Regulation
Hao Suli
With the continuous increase of large-scale,high-parameter,and high-risk special equipment,traditional safety supervision methods are facing new challenges,such as data islands,data security,and regulation efficiency.Smart regulation is crisis decision-making based on data,which can greatly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of supervision.Based on the practice of special equipment safety supervision,the alliance chain + private chain model are selected to established the special equipment safety wisdom governance blockchain model,and then based on the interaction relationship analysis among the special equipment safety governance subjects,the special equipment safety wisdom governance data sharing mechanism and smart regulation mechanism are established.The data sharing of special equipment safety management and intelligent supervision decision-making are realized,and the problems of data island and inefficient supervision in the safety supervision of special equipment are solved.
2021 (8): 135-144 [
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145
Identifying Hot Topics and Trend Prediction of Management Science in China
Yu Hui, Liang Zhentao, Zhang Yufan
It is important for scholars and research administrators to grasp the direction of research and allocate research funds effectively,which can identify and anticipate research hotspots and their trends in management science.In this study,the literature published in important management science journals designated by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)in recent 20 years was used as the analysis data source,and the “Sleeping Beauty”literature identification method in citation analysis was used for keyword semantic clustering to identify the research topic.Based on the characteristics of theme dormancy and hotness,the theme class is divided into four categories:sleeping beauty feature hotspots,mature hotspots,potential hotspots and others.The beauty coefficient was used to identify the emergence points of sleeping beauty themes,combined hotspot emergence points to predict the research hotness of the theme categories,and the cumulative growth curve was used to verify its reasonableness.The results show that the four themes of innovation capability,relationship network,behavioral intention and resources and environmental protection belong to the sleeping beauty hot topics.Entrepreneurial talent,international trade,industrial automobiles and behavioral psychology are potential hot topics,which are late to emerge,have grown faster in recent years and are likely to become emerging hot topics.
2021 (8): 145-156 [
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157
Review on Star Inventors:Connotation,Classification and Measurement
Sun Yutao, Zhang Ying
As high-quality scientific and technological talents,star inventors are scarce resources for enterprises.This paper focuses on the research of star inventors that are quietly emerging,and sorts out the connotation,classification and measurement of star inventors through literature review.First,this paper reviews the evolution of the connotation of star inventors.From the early emphasis on the performance of inventors,it turns to focus on its influence,and further explores the connotation of star inventors based on different characteristics.Second,the relevant research on the classification of star inventors is combed from the perspectives of output and influence to deepen the understanding of the heterogeneity within the group of star inventors.Third,based on the result attributes and relationship attributes,the measurement indicators and standards of star inventors are analyzed.Then it points out the characteristics and deficiencies of each type of measurement.After that,it attempts to put forward a more scientific and reasonable way of measurement.Finally,it summarizes the shortcomings of existing researches in terms of connotation,classification and measurement,and provides the direction for future research design.
2021 (8): 157-167 [
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168
From Disagreement to Consensus:International Rule-Making for Cyberspace and China's Response
Wang Jiayi
Cyberspace has undergone a change from de-sovereignty to re-sovereignty,which is driven by multiple subjects to promote its international rulemaking process.Driven by the power-oriented interest demands,the international rules of cyberspace have revealed the ideological gap of ideas among state and non-state behaviors,as well as the resource competition and the interest collision among states.However,with the recognition of the principle of sovereignty in cyberspace,the emergence of soft law norms,and the positive actions by non-state institutions,the international community is gradually reaching the consensus in these fields,and it is possible to coordinate international rules of cyberspace.China is actively participating in the formation of international rules of cyberspace.In the future,it should promote the further optimization,clarification and practice of basic principled consensus,and propose a Chinese plan that not only takes into accout the interests of its own country and the common interests of the international community,as well as speaks for the developing countries on the network.
2021 (8): 168-177 [
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178
Evolution and Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence Research in the Field of International Social Science
Zhang Shaojie, Li Na
This paper uses CiteSpace to make a visual analysis of 3620 journal papers in the database of Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)from 1956 to 2019.The results show that the amount of artificial intelligence (AI)research in the field is growing exponentially.The United States leads AI research.China ranks second in the number of articles published,but its academic influence needs to be improved.The core research institutions are mainly universities in developed countries,and there is a lack of cooperation and communication among research groups.There is no overlap between highly productive authors and highly cited authors.Driven by AI technology,relevant researches have shown strong fluctuation characteristics,and have experienced the early stage with expert system as the core industry application research stage,medium stage of social science problems based on artificial neural network prediction,and the diversification of contemporary on the basis of the deep learning research stage,the new requirements,new problems and new technology are the three big driving forces.Burst keywords indicate that big data and the Internet are the current research frontier and may become an important development direction of AI research in the field of social science in the future.
2021 (8): 178-188 [
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