Abstract：Effectively organizing key technology R&D programs is crucial for a nation to navigate strategic competition and achieve high-level sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening.This study employs a three-dimensional“strategy-organization-institution”analytical framework to conduct a comparative analysis of the implementation mechanisms in typical cases,including China's“Two Bombs,One Satellite”project,the U.S.Manhattan Project,the Second Pillar of Horizon Europe,Japan's Strategic Innovation and Creation Promotion(SIP)programme,as well as U.S.-based SpaceX and Neuralink.The research finds that domestic and international practices can be categorized into three core organizational paradigms:the politically authoritative-driven paradigm,the rule-governance-driven paradigm,and the market-agile-driven paradigm.These paradigms demonstrate distinct effectiveness in addressing the fundamental challenges of existence,competitiveness,and efficiency and paradigm shifts respectively.The evolution and emerging trend of combining these paradigms reflect the strategic adaptation of national innovation systems to different techno-economic paradigms across eras.The study proposes policy recommendations for optimizing China's mechanisms for organizing and implementing major scientific and technological research and for refining the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide.These recommendations focus on three areas:diagnosing tasks for paradigm-fit,innovating hybrid organizational tools,and fostering an ecosystem conducive to paradigm synergy.
韩文艳, 刘昊, 蒲虹君, 熊永兰. 优化重大科技攻关组织实施机制的路径研究:基于3类组织范式的国际比较与启示[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2026(8): 168-176.
Han Wenyan, Liu Hao, Pu Hongjun, Xiong Yonglan. Optimizing the Implementation Mechanisms of Key Technology R&D Programs:An International Comparative Study Based on Three Organizational Paradigms. , 2026(8): 168-176.
2026, 
